The Truth about Dogs Repository

A curated, evidence-led repository on humane, force-free dog training — peer-reviewed studies, official positions, and expert voices, with sources you can check.

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Official position2023Open access

Scottish government: e-collars are an unjustifiable welfare threat

Independent review by the Scottish Animal Welfare Commission concludes remote shock collars pose an unjustifiable welfare threat and that positive reinforcement methods are effective and humane alternatives.

Such devices represent an unjustifiable animal welfare threat.

Source details

Source

Use of Handheld Remote-Controlled Training Devices (E-collars) in Dog Training

Scottish Animal Welfare Commission

Scottish Government

Evidence level

Official position

Credibility

Last reviewed

May 30, 2026

Why we included it

Independent governmental review — a strong, non-advocacy citation for the e-collar evidence base.

E-collarsWelfare