Peer-reviewed2014Open access
E-collars added welfare cost, not clear benefit
Applied field comparison of e-collar and non-e-collar training found no consistent advantage for e-collars and greater welfare concerns.
“There is no consistent benefit to be gained from e-collar training.”
Source details
Source
The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars in Comparison to Reward Based Training
Cooper, Cracknell, Hardiman, Wright & Mills
PLOS ONE
Evidence level
Primary evidence
Credibility
Last reviewed
May 30, 2026
Why we included it
Core evidence against claims that remote e-collars are necessary for recall or obedience.
E-collarsRecallWelfare