Peer-reviewed2024Open access
Most owners don't ask a trainer first
Recent survey showing owners often rely on informal or online advice rather than qualified trainers.
“Only 5% of respondents reported utilizing a trainer when they had concerns regarding their dog's behavior.”
Source details
Source
Training Methods Used by Dog Guardians in the United States: Prevalence, Sources of Information, and Reasons for Use
Johnson & Wynne
Animals (MDPI)
Evidence level
Primary evidence
Credibility
Last reviewed
May 30, 2026
Why we included it
Supports the need for a credible force-free web archive.
General